How Many Electrolytes Should You Be Taking, and Can You Have Too Many?


Electrolyte powders, dissolvable tablets, and trendy ready-to-drink waters have graduated from the pockets of athletes to one of wellness’s buzziest categories.

And it’s a crowded market, worth an estimated $39 billion globally in 2025 and forecast to double within the next decade. Much of the growth has been fueled by wellness trends and influencer-fronted hype cycles, like Prime Hydration, created by YouTubers Logan Paul and KSI, which the company claimed pushed past $1 billion in sales in a single year. In other internet corners, dozens of celebrity and podcaster-adjacent brands are all promising a means of optimizing your way to hydration.

These products are marketed as daily essentials for everyone—from office workers to gym regulars—promising to combat brain fog, improve skin, banish fatigue, and aid recovery. Here’s everything you need to know about the electrolyte obsession, and when these products are actually worth buying.

What Are Electrolytes?

Electrolytes are essential minerals, among them sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and chloride, that carry an electrical charge once dissolved in fluid. That charge is what lets the body do much of its basic work, such as helping muscles and nerves work correctly. They work to ensure fluid stays balanced inside and outside every cell, as a serious imbalance can cause headaches, muscle cramps, dizziness, fatigue, and weakness. In more serious cases, severe electrolyte imbalances can interfere with heart function and require medical treatment.

Who Needs Electrolytes?

For most healthy adults, the body has been regulating electrolyte levels perfectly well long before trendy, flavored hydration sticks landed on supermarket shelves. In fact, if you eat a reasonably balanced diet and drink water when you’re thirsty, there’s a good chance you’re already getting everything you need.

The sachet earns its place in roughly three situations. Studies from the American College of Sports Medicine suggest that water alone is sufficient for exercise lasting less than an hour, but electrolytes become increasingly useful during longer sessions of prolonged, sweat-heavy exercise, particularly in high temperatures or humidity. They’re also useful for illness involving heavy fluid loss, which is why oral rehydration salts are a recognized medical treatment rather than a wellness trend. And you should also consider them during long stretches of fasting, when the food that usually supplies these minerals is absent.

Are There Natural Electrolytes?

There are many sources of electrolytes in everyday foods. If you’re eating a reasonably varied diet (fruits, vegetables, lean protein, whole grains, nuts, seeds), your electrolyte stores are continually being topped up without the need for specialist drinks or powders.

Research by the Beverage Hydration Index shows that milk-based drinks can maintain hydration for longer than plain water. The combination of protein, natural electrolytes and small amounts of fat slows the rate at which fluid leaves the stomach, helping the body retain hydration for longer. Coconut water too can replenish potassium.

The Nutrition Source from Harvard’s School of Public Health notes that, essentially, “any beverage containing electrolyte minerals may be labeled an electrolyte drink. Some are very costly yet only contain a small amount of these nutrients, while others may contain a high amount of only one nutrient such as potassium or sodium.”

Can You Have Too Many Electrolytes?

For healthy adults, an occasional electrolyte drink is unlikely to cause harm. Daily consumption, however, can sometimes be counterproductive.

Many electrolyte products contain significant amounts of sodium, despite the fact that most populations already consume considerably more salt than recommended. The World Health Organization estimates the global average of sodium intake a day is more than double its recommended limit and roughly 1.89 million deaths a year can be linked to excess intake. Regularly adding extra sodium may not be ideal for anyone managing high blood pressure or cardiovascular risk. Some formulations also contain substantial amounts of added sugar, making them nutritionally closer to soft drinks than health products.

Anyone recovering from illness or sweating through an August shift outdoors has a fair case for supplementing. For everyone else, the best approach to hydration remains an unremarkable one. Electrolytes themselves are nonnegotiable. Electrolyte products are mostly just a lifestyle purchase.

This story originally appeared on WIRED Middle East.

My 9 Favorite Pickleball Paddles From 3 Years of Testing (2025)


I was not sure what to expect from Diadem’s new BluCore paddle, which is among a handful of new paddles that have replaced the standard honeycomb polymer core with closed-cell foam—they sent me a sample of the stuff, and it looks like you could make a gas station cooler out of it. That foam is substantially more durable—it has a lifetime warranty, in fact—over the long haul and is also not at risk of delaminating in extreme temperatures if, for example, you leave the paddle in the car on a scorching summer day while you grab patio margs.

Given how far this paddle is outside the norm, and the fact that it’s priced at the upper end of the range, I wanted to put real time in before recommending it. What I found was that the BluCore took some time to get used to, but it’s now the paddle I play with the most. The foam core makes for a softer and more forgiving feel—it’s like the suspension on an old Cadillac coupe. While I don’t feel like I’m getting the most out of my serve, I especially love this paddle in defensive situations against better players. It plays consistently from edge to edge and has a nice, big sweet spot.

Whether foam ends up dominating the pickleball market remains to be seen, but people who play nearly every day will also appreciate that this paddle uses an aramid carbon fiber face that is more durable than raw carbon and that the foam absorbs more vibration.

★ Another foam core paddle: I was also pretty impressed with the Selkirk Labs 008, a new foam core paddle from the maker of our top pick for most people above. The 008 has a more traditional feel and a smaller but more poppy sweet spot. Because this paddle uses a T700 raw carbon fiber instead of more durable aramid carbon fiber, I fear the face will lose its effectiveness even when the core remains solid.

Best Sports Bras for Women, Tested and Reviewed (2025)


Women’s sports bras were the bane of my teen existence. Few things are as humbling as struggling to wriggle out of a sweaty one post-workout. I’ve contorted, clawed, nearly dislocated a shoulder—and I once triggered what I can only describe as a sports bra-induced locked jaw. They were too tight, flattened my chest (and soul), and, on a bad day, gave me a decent dose of body image issues.

Somewhere between my fourth fitness renaissance and the realization that I hadn’t worn a regular bra since pre-pandemic, I became a convert. After years of trial and error, I discovered the bra styles that worked (thank goodness for adjustable straps). Now I wear them to work, to work out, and sometimes to do absolutely nothing at all.

The right sports bra should be soft but structured, snug but breathable, and—for me—cute enough to pass as a top, like the Vuori AllTheFeels bra ($58). After testing dozens over the past few months—during runs, lifts, rides, and flows—I found the best sports bras worth your attention.

Image may contain Clothing Coat Adult Person Dancing Leisure Activities and Hat

Photograph: Klaus Vedfelt/Getty Images

For more activewear recommendations, check out our guides to the Best Leggings, Best Running Shoes, and Best Barefoot Shoes.

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2024 Summer Olympics: A Self-Healing Pole Vault Pole Is One Great Leap for Sports Tech


The Swiss company CompPair focuses on composites with the goal of making products more repairable. Its hallmark composites rely on what CompPair calls HealTech technology to create a healable surface. The way it works is that when something gets scratched or dinged, heating up the resins that hold fibers together could soften them and let them slowly seep back into shape.

CompPair says its compound can be fully healed within 10 minutes of heating. And if the actual fibers aren’t broken, the compound matrix should be reset to as good as new. To be clear, this process has never been used in a vaulting pole. Getting those composites into a pole—while maintaining the integrity of the structural fibers—is a whole other challenge.

CompPair cofounder and CTO Robin Trigueira says there is a world in which utilizing these kinds of composites could help usher in more repairable sporting equipment. Trigueira says he can envision a possible future where Olympic stadiums provide very long ovens that vaulters can place their healable poles in to ensure they’re nice and sealed before event time.

“I think it’s possible.” Trigueira says. “But we must test it thoroughly to learn something like this.”

Self-Healing Future

The trouble with using these composites inside something like a pole vault is that it is exceedingly complicated to make sure it solves the problem at hand. Adding a new composite because it is healable could also add a whole variety of new variables that could not mix well with the structural components of the pole. Adding a gloss on the surface to make cracks visible could change how the vaulter grips the pole.

Every crack and divot is different, and may not heal the same depending on how it develops. There might be some damage that is too structural to melt away with a little bit of composite redistribution. Depending on the defect itself, it may take a long time to fix. Also, heating the healable resins might mess up the other composites.

Trigueira compares the process to an injury on the body. If you’ve just got a scratch on your arm, you might not even bother to do anything about it, and it will heal quickly. But something deeper and more serious will take more time to figure out, and may lead to additional complications.

“It’s very rare that you suffer the exact same injury as somebody else,” Trigueira says. “Is the part taking little scratches, or more deep wounds? This we need to know in order to be efficient in the healing.”

The idea of using healable composites in poles is also not a new one. It has been around since at least 2017, but no healable poles have been created—yet. Rahrig says Essx isn’t currently working on any efforts to add such a healing resin or composite to its poles, though doesn’t discount that some day it might be utilized to make a longer lasting pole.

“We’re investigating materials like this all the time,” Rahrig says. “That’s purely research level right now. It’s very interesting, but how it would be used in a pole, I’m not so sure.”

Outside of Olympic competitions, pole vaulting has a smaller presence in the sporting world more broadly. There isn’t much money in pole vaulting, so it’s likely these kinds of materials will appear elsewhere first. Trigueira says CompPair is not currently working with any pole vault companies to put its composites in their products, but says it is working to implement them in more prominent sports equipment such as surfboards and bicycle frames.

So while it may be some time before this sort of innovation graces the humble vaulting pole, both Rahrig and Trigueira say it’s both possible and likely. “In 10 years, I think, it’s a safe thing to say there would be a pole vault with healable composites,” Trigueira says.

Correction: 07/26/24, 8:51 am: Clarified that CompPair is working on healable composites for bike frames, not bike pedals.

Update: 7/29/24, 8:31 am: Clarified details of CompPair’s healing process.

Venu is the new sports streaming service likely to drain your bank account


ESPN, Fox and Warner Bros. Discovery in February that they would jointly launch a sports-focused streaming service, and today they’ve shared some pertinent details. Subscriptions to the Venu service will cost $43 a month. The platform will have three broad categories of content: live games and events, on-demand sports programming and talk content such as studio shows. Venu will launch at an unspecified time this fall.

The linear networks included in Venu are ESPN, ESPN2, ESPNU, SECN, ACCN, ESPNEWS, ABC, FOX, FS1, FS2, BTN, TNT, TBS, truTV and ESPN+. Viewers will have access to lots of major events across the world of athletics. The World Series of Major League Baseball, the four Grand Slams of tennis, the Stanley Cup finals for the National Hockey League, and a wide spread of college athletics will all be represented in Venu’s programming.

When people sign up at the launch price, that monthly cost will be locked in for twelve months. Considering how often we see prices going up in the streaming landscape, it’s safe to assume that $43 won’t be the fee indefinitely.

Watching sports is a fragmented and expensive activity today. Different leagues might have media rights deals with multiple different networks and streaming platforms, meaning fans have to check carefully where to find their favorite teams each night. Having so many providers together under one umbrella would streamline the experience, especially for people who like to follow multiple sports. But the joint effort has drawn criticism. after the initial announcement, claiming the new streaming package would violate antitrust practices.