Tag: bim drafting

The AEC industry is no stranger to outsourcing. Back in the day, architectural design firms probably saw outsourcing as a quick alternative to full-time hiring in times when the workload was too much to handle by the in-house team. They may hire smaller firms or freelancers to do the drafting or basic quantity takeoffs on smaller projects, just to keep the workflow running while the internal team is preoccupied with higher-stakes tasks. Things have changed quite a bit since then, most likely as soon as 3D modeling turned mainstream and BIM entered the scene afterward.

With the possible exception of real-time rendering in architectural visualization, BIM is arguably the biggest thing to have ever happened to the industry in a long time. It has introduced a new paradigm in design workflow by putting everything into a data-rich digital simulation where structural designs, materials, scheduling, cost estimation, clash detection, and energy performance are laid bare. The interactive nature of the BIM file makes the architectural design process an immersive experience and is loaded with all the data you need to formulate an informed design decision each time. The problem is that BIM professionals are few and far between, at least for now.

Outsourcing, which started as an “option” in the old days, has now become a necessity if an architectural firm wishes to take full advantage of everything BIM has to offer. And as an AEC-focused freelancing platform, Cad Crowd has the resources and the network to connect you with some of the most talented BIM specialists from all over the world.

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BIM outsourcing strategies

With the lack of BIM experts in the industry, outsourcing is no longer a simple cost-saving measure for architectural firms, but a strategic move to gain a true competitive advantage. There are more than a few ways to make sure you get the best out of your money by hiring external BIM experts; some are listed below.

Pilot project

As a general rule, it’s a bad idea to fall into the trap of hiring a BIM partner solely based on what you see on their portfolio and other clients’ reviews. While both are pretty good indicators of quality of services, you can certainly use a little bit more concrete evidence of their capabilities. BIM is as sophisticated as architectural drafting services get at this point, and most likely used for a reasonably large project that involves complex technical calculations of geometry, bill of materials, prefabricated components, etc. And just because a potential partner, whether a firm or an individual freelancer, says they can do the job well, you are under no obligation to take them at their word. Instead, use the “pilot project” strategy.

The idea behind a pilot project is to gauge the partner’s technical proficiency and see if they have the expertise to handle a small-scale BIM task. In addition, you also get the chance to establish an efficient communication protocol without any big investment. Since the primary objective is to make sure that the partner can work at the pace you desire, hire them to do a BIM project that’s somehow representative of your typical workflow. The project must be small enough that you don’t have to spend too much money on it, yet sufficiently challenging because it needs to be a test at the same time.

Another benefit is that you have the chance to establish a BIM Execution Plan (BEP) early on, in case you actually end up collaborating with the partner for future and larger projects. BEP may contain guides to procedures like file naming conventions, software to use, file formats, data sharing, and so forth (you know a project is complex enough if you have to use an elaborate execution plan). Assuming the pilot project is successful with the partner delivering exactly what’s promised, you gain the confidence to bring the collaboration further. If not, move on to the next candidate. Either way, the time and effort you spend running the pilot project are resources well spent.

RELATED: 5 ways 3D architectural visualization can revolutionize your design process

Layered review

Outsourcing makes little sense if the deliverables fail to meet your expectations. In an ideal world, you should only outsource a BIM project to a partner proficient enough to create models that exceed (or at least match) the in-house quality standards. Otherwise, you might as well just rely on the team you already have.

It’s only natural that most freelancers and BIM service providers claim to have their own internal quality assurance professionals whose primary role is to ensure that all files are checked for errors and analyzed for inconsistencies before delivery to clients. All this sounds very reassuring, up until the point you remember that true professionals run their work through a third-party evaluation service. There’s no need to hire any independent analyst here; if the partner does use such a service, it’s a big plus all to your advantage, but you still need to practice due diligence anyway. An effective analysis happens in a layered review process to make sure that the audit is dependably objective:

• 1st Layer: an automated review process in the form of clash detection by software. Solibri, Navisworks Manage, Revizto, ClashMEP, Autodesk Construction Cloud, BIM Track, and Bentley Navigator are among the most widely used options.
• 2nd Layer: Make it clear in the project brief that the deliverable must be reviewed by at least one senior member of the outsourced team. Provide a list of the quality standards used by your firm and have the partner compare it against the deliverables.
• 3rd Layer: your in-house team reviews the work, both automatically and manually, to ensure everything is in order. This means the outsourced team has to send a copy of the file ahead of schedule to compensate for the audit process and the possibility of a revision or two.

Please note that revisions are nothing but normal in any kind of outsourced task. The lack of direct supervision and management means you can’t control everything that happens during the workflow. Just because the deliverable isn’t 100% correct doesn’t mean the outsourced team is doing a bad job. In some cases, multiple rounds of revisions are still acceptable so long as the mistakes are within the margin of error. 

BIM component outsourcing

Considering how popular BIM is in today’s architectural landscape, there’s a good chance that your architectural planning and design firm will gradually (if not already) implement the technology in current and future projects. In the grand scheme of things, however, adoption is slow. Even for firms that have used BIM for a little while at this point, they still occasionally suffer from what’s typically referred to as BIM Bloat.

One thing that separates BIM files from other architectural visualizations is the amount of information contained directly in the models. BIM is supposed to be data-rich, filled with just about every single detail you can muster about structural elements, materials, plumbing configuration, HVAC installations, construction schedules, cost estimation, timeline projections, and more. With that in mind, there’s actually such a thing as too much data. Information overload happens when a BIM file is embedded with an excessive amount of non-critical data, leading to performance issues and unreliable error identification.

In a specialized component outsourcing scenario, you’re not hiring a partner to build an entire 3D building model from scratch. The main focus of the collaboration is to create efficient content libraries (such as Revit Families) to ensure standardized high-performance BIM components. For example, you can ask the partner to parametric components like cabinetry, doors, appliances, roofing, flooring, piping, or basically any architectural element with only the necessary metadata, such as manufacturer links, fire ratings, U-Values, etc. This project serves two major purposes: achieving a leaner component library and preparing an in-house team to create better BIM files.

Specialized BIM partner

It’s not uncommon for an architect or a small architectural firm to outsource or subcontract a certain portion of a project. A licensed architect is a qualified expert in building design, code compliance, project management, and cost estimation, but they might not be as adept at trade-specific tasks like HVAC duct routing, electrical wiring, or plumbing pipe installation. A typical strategy to solve the problem is to outsource the jobs to a BIM partner that specializes in MEP (mechanical, electrical, plumbing) and MEP drafting services.

This allows the architect to maintain control over design intent while ensuring that the actual construction/fabrication of MEP components has no negative impact on the building’s aesthetic and structural integrity. Because the MEP services will be integral parts of the building, the outsourced partner will need access to the architectural draft so they can configure a proper integration between the services and the structure itself. An MEP specialist often works directly with fabricators to locate the clearance zones (based on the provided draft) for installation and determine the right tolerances for maintenance. Once the plan is ready, the partner integrates the diagram with the architect’s BIM file for clash detection.

A big architectural firm probably employs an MEP professional to handle the task, but an architect running a small firm or a one-person business probably cannot justify hiring a full-time salaried expert for the job. Outsourcing to a specialized BIM partner enables the architect to focus on the design and management side of the project rather than getting bogged down with the particulars of non-structural building components.

RELATED: Why is 2D drafting still relevant for different types of architectural drawings?

Building energy modeling

Not every architectural project needs a Building Energy Modeling (or BEM), which is a subset of BIM that specifically concerns indoor air quality, energy consumption, and acoustics. But thanks to growing awareness of the importance of eco-friendly architecture and sustainability, every architectural firm must take these issues more seriously. 

In short, BEM uses a digital model of a structure to evaluate energy performance under various conditions. Take, for example, an architectural model to simulate and analyze the energy-saving potential of different HVAC configurations; even seemingly simple things like insulation materials can affect the overall effectiveness of the entire service installation over a long period of use. Hiring a BEM freelancer should count as specialized CAD outsourcing, too.

Instead of hiring a sustainability consultant full-time or purchasing an expensive simulation tool that you use probably no more than half a dozen times a year, outsourcing the task to a specialized professional is the more sensible choice. Because you have to send the BIM file of the structural design to ensure accurate evaluation, such a project may involve an NDA, so make sure to prepare the form and that the outsourced partner is willing to agree to your IP protection term.

BEM should provide not just a report of the energy performance, but also simulation-based suggestions on various elements like the size of the HVAC system, ventilation, window-to-wall ratio, design of shading device, roof insulation, and more. BEM outsourcing is a popular strategy often used by small to mid-sized architectural firms to compete with their bigger counterparts. In the event a client asks about why a certain design approach is taken while the alternative is discarded, the firm can easily explain that everything is based on a valid simulation technology by a professional partner. This is how the small firms increase their credibility without allocating big financial resources – resources they can otherwise spend on the core design and construction services.

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Augmentation model

Hiring freelancers as external non-payrolled professionals makes things practical and straightforward. You pay someone from outside the company to handle tasks that would be too time-consuming or resource-demanding for the in-house team to do. Think of it as bringing in a reinforcement without all the overheads typically associated with full-time salaried employees, like benefits and insurance. In many freelance engagements, the work is performed off-site, and this is especially true for architectural drafting projects. The freelancer does much of the drafting work without direct contact/supervision from the employer. For example, a freelancer based in Canada might be hired by an architectural firm located in the United States. Sometimes, the employer and the employee are on different continents entirely. 

But CAD outsourcing is also possibly done in a “staff augmentation model” method, where the employers bring in additional workforce to reinforce the in-house team. The external employees are hired on either a contractual or per-project basis, but they may work alongside the internal ones under the same roof, at least temporarily. These CAD design services serve as an extension of your firm for the duration of the contract.

A staff augmentation model makes good financial sense if the external team only consists of a small group of people, or perhaps an expert BIM consultant, and they’re locally-based. Otherwise, you may have to compensate for the travel and accommodation expenses, which can pile up to a huge bill very quickly. This is not to say that overseas staff augmentation always amounts to an expensive venture, because it all depends on how the reinforcement can improve your team and project.

Knowledge transfer

Considering how the AEC industry is in a transitory period from 2D drafting to BIM implementation, chances are you’ll see a lot of staff augmentation in the coming years in an attempt to expedite adoption. Many firms will hire BIM experts and consultants to help prepare their internal teams for the changes and to ensure a smooth transition.

One of the primary objectives of staff augmentation is to facilitate knowledge transfer. At this point, the AEC industry has to admit that trained BIM professionals are still relatively scarce. For some reason, the industry appears to be hesitant to make the move toward full adoption, despite the perceived maturity of the BIM technology itself. Many new architects on their way to licensure aren’t necessarily adept at BIM, either. In fact, many architectural schools and instructors don’t require the students to use it in the first place.

Hiring BIM experts, especially with the staff augmentation model, opens the doors to an effective hands-on knowledge transfer. BIM remains a highly specialized field in the architectural discipline. While the benefits are enormous, jumping into BIM all at once can be pretty intimidating to seasoned architects, let alone the junior ones. By including “knowledge transfer” as a job specification in staff augmentation, the freelancer understands that part of the role is to provide guidance on BIM implementation, rather than taking over the task. Guidance can be as simple as a walkthrough of a model, an hour of presentation into the BIM software at the beginning of a shift, a crash course, or anything else your firm may see fit.

The FTS workflow method

Say the in-house team is already familiar with using BIM for architectural drafting, but a project has a tight deadline that makes everyone feel rushed. A reinforcement may help reduce the workload for the team, but on the other hand, it just isn’t the right time to hire new employees. Let’s not forget that the project must be completed as quickly as possible, that even with the addition of new employees, everyone still has to work overtime almost every day just to meet the deadline.

What you need in this situation is an FTS-based outsourcing. FTS, short for “Follow-the-Sun” model, is a strategic outsourcing method that leverages the global time zones to increase productivity. The idea is to keep the project running even when the traditional work hours are already over in your local time. 

Let’s say your firm is located in New York, USA, where the typical work hours last between 9 AM and 5 PM local time. Because the construction is already scheduled to begin within the next few weeks, you need to get the BIM file done in record time, as it needs to be reviewed and evaluated by the architectural design expert first. And it’s always important to take into account the likelihood of having to revise the file, too.

Outsourcing with an FTS model means hiring freelancers located in different time zones, so that the work on the BIM file is running around the clock. In this case, you need someone to pick up exactly where you left off at 5 PM. A freelancer located in Australia or Japan would make for a good candidate, because it’s still morning in those two countries while your in-house employees have already signed off. To keep the project running 24/7, you may want to consider bringing in another freelance drafter (from yet another timezone, preferably in the UK or Europe) to fill in the void between the end of the second shift and the start of the first one. The cycle continues until the BIM file is ready just in time.

Cloud-based collaboration

A prerequisite for BIM outsourcing is a cloud-based collaboration tool, and even more so if you’re using the “follow-the-sun” model. Some portions of an architectural project workflow might still rely on the tried-and-true FTP or email, but it won’t be sufficient for BIM, as it takes real-time collaboration. Among the most popular of such platforms are Autodesk BIM Collaborate Pro, Trimble Connect, BIMcollab, Graphisoft BIMcloud, Newforma Konekt, and Bentley ProjectWise.

The idea behind cloud collaboration is to allow everyone (architects, engineering design experts, designers, clients, or any authorized stakeholder) to access the BIM file simultaneously. It enables co-authoring and instant feedback because everyone is viewing, editing, and working on a single centralized dataset. Most, if not all, cloud-based platforms automatically record version history, making it easier to revert to the previous configuration in case one of the outsourced partners makes a mistake or some disproved modifications. Because changes happen in real-time, there’s minimal coordination gap. 

Cloud collaboration also opens the door to effective issue tracking. Multiple teams located in different time zones might be assigned to handle specific tasks to avoid overlapping designs. If the team in the US takes care of the structural design, the freelancer in Japan can do the HVAC and MEP layout, whereas the European partner handles the issue tracking. The final design decision is ultimately at your firm’s (or the client’s) discretion, but cloud collaboration is always helpful to improve transparency. Even if you can’t provide direct supervision to overseas outsourced partners at all times, the real-time coordination keeps the workflow in control with clear deliverables, as observed in the centralized BIM file. 

RELATED: Transforming institutional spaces: The power of interior design and 3D rendering services

About risk management

Every task outsourced to an external partner comes with a risk of issues concerning intellectual property and data security. And when it comes to CAD outsourcing, especially for any project that has anything to do with a BIM file, you just can’t be too careful about confidentiality. To minimize the risk, the collaboration needs to be carried out under the umbrella of compliance with ISO 19650 (the international standard for BIM information management) and Common Data Environment or CDE, to restrict file access (in practice, the outsourced partners need only to have access to the data relevant to specific tasks assigned to them).

At the very least, enforce an NDA (Non-Disclosure Agreement) as the legal framework to protect your firm against unauthorized data access/sharing of any sort.

Takeaway

There’s no denying that BIM has introduced some major improvements to the AEC industry almost in its entirety, from design and sustainability planning to construction management and cost estimation. Despite its proven usefulness, maintaining an in-house team of BIM professionals remains quite a challenge for small to mid-sized architectural firms. While software and hardware are getting more affordable every year, the relative scarcity of trained BIM specialists is a challenge too difficult to overcome at this point. It does seem that the vast majority of the available BIM workforce choose to offer their services as independent contractors instead of full-time salaried employees. And it’s no coincidence that most of those independent talents find home in Cad Crowd, a freelancing platform specializing in the Architectural, Engineering, and Construction industry. Request a quote today.

MacKenzie Brown is the founder and CEO of Cad Crowd. With over 18 years of experience in launching and scaling platforms specializing in CAD services, product design, manufacturing, hardware, and software development, MacKenzie is a recognized authority in the engineering industry. Under his leadership, Cad Crowd serves esteemed clients like NASA, JPL, the U.S. Navy, and Fortune 500 companies, empowering innovators with access to high-quality design and engineering talent.

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